6 Basic function's of a tyre

Nowadays, tyres and cars are very sophisticated. Drivers are at risk of forgetting that the tyres are a car’s only point of contact with the ground and that as a result they need to perform a certain number of functions such as steering, carrying the load, cushioning, rolling, transmitting derive and lasting.

Carrying

Tyres support a vehicle not only when it is moving, but also when it is standing still and they must be able to resist considerable load transfers during acceleration and braking. A car tyre carrys more than 50 times its own weight.

Cushioning

Tyres absorb the shocks due to obstacles and cushion the vehicle from other irregularities in the road, ensuring driver and passenger comfort as well as contributing to the lifespan of the vehicle. The main characteristic of a tyre is its great suppleness, particularly vertically. The great elasticity of the air contained in a tyre enables it to take deformation inflicted on it by obstacles and surface roughness. The correct tyre pressure, then, gives good levels of comfort whilst retaining good steering capacity.

Rolling

Tyres roll more evenly, more surely, with less rolling resistance for greater driving pleasure and better fuel consumption

Transmitting Drive

Tyres transmit drive: the engine's usable power, braking effort. The quality of the few square inches in contact with the ground dictates the level of transmission of drive etc.

Lasting

Tyres last in other words, keep to their optimum performance level for millions of wheel revolutions. The wear on a tyre is of course dependent on its conditions of use, (load, speed, state of road surface, state of vehicle, driving style etc), but also, to a large extent, on the quality of its contact with the ground. Pressure, therefore, has a major role to play. It acts on The size and shape of the contact patch The distribution of stresses on the different points of the tyre in contact with the ground.

These 6 functions guarantee safety, comfort and economy.

They are provided during the entire lifetime of a tyre, but elementary precautions for use must be taken by the user. A tyre needs air to work and last. So it is vital to check tyre pressures regularly. In fact, a tyre loses its precious air, molecule by molecule, because of the natural (very slight) porosity of rubber. To this are often added accidental causes such as valves or rims no longer being completely airtight, small perforations in a tyre etc.

Pressure dictates all a tyre's functions: functions of safety, economy and comfort and incorrect pressure erode all these functions. A quick, regular check will greatly reduce this area of concern for the driver.

Why Do Tyres Fail?

Tyre defects cause too many rollovers, injuries & deaths. When is it going to end?

When a radial tyre suddenly loses it's tread the driver often loses of control of the vehicle due to a blowout of the tyre or rapid pressure decrease in the remaining core. When the blowout occurs to a rear tyre, controlling the vehicle becomes very difficult, especially at highway speeds. This loss of control results in the rear of the vehicle swinging around to become perpendicular to the direction of travel (yawing).

If the yawing is not immediately reversed in direction, then the sideways motion often leads to the bead of the tyre separating from the rim, allowing the rim to dig into the pavement or surface, resulting is propelling the vehicle into a roll. Tripping of the vehicle can also result in a rollover if sufficient amount of sideway movement occurs in a grass or dirt median to actually trip the vehicle and launch it into a rollover.

Tyre manufacturers have known that a leading cause of tread separation is due to the design and placements of the belts and overlying tread. Also Tread and belt separations can occur due to poor adhesion of the components from the use of old and expired adhesives, improper temperatures, rust, unclean manufacturing facility, moisture, oxidation, grease, sawdust, gum wrappers and EVEN cigarette butts.

Of all of the known problems resulting in tyre tread and belt separation, the leading cause of belt separation is the failure of the metal to stick to rubber. The method used most often involves plating the metal with brass and apply a rubber compound containing sulfur. If the sulfur and other compounds are not to the correct mixture, then incomplete adhesion occurs. Also if the brass plating is allowed to oxidize, then adhesion will likely occur. If there is a shiny brass looks to the belts, then most probably there was at least a deficiency in the tread bonding process, if not also compounded by other defects.

Tyre Manufacturing Issues

Damaged Tyre Structure

Improper Adhesion